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Architecture Basic of VoIP

It is the design of interconnection in a system. This determines the standards of all devices to be connected to that system. For a computer network it will be the standards for the hardware the software and the interconnection devices. These devices will determine the memory and speed of computing and accessing data. Computers are designed specially for particular functions like database machines, array processors etc.

PSTN architecture is a centralized architecture where all the decision making process is done at the exchange. The end points are dumb terminals controlled by switches. Centralized management and call control are features of the PSTN network.

VoIP architecture is implemented in two models that allow the flexibility and capability to implement intelligence.
  • Centralized Architecture
  • Distributed Architecture
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VoIP can be implemented on centralized architecture by operating it in the master slave mode. In this type of architecture the master device is the Media Gateway controller. It is also called call agent and handles switching logic and call control. . The media gateway controller uses the media gateway to route and transmit/receive the audio/media information. This approach of using a centralized architecture for implementation results in lesser cost of the end devices and fewer interoperability issues. The Protocols used here are MGCP-Media Gateway Control Protocol and MEGACO/H.248.

Distributed architectures are basically a peer-to-peer connection. In this there is no single control but every end point is intelligent. The distribution of intelligence means that any device can initiate or terminate a VoIP call. Gatekeepers do call control in a H.323 network and Proxy/redirect server in SIP networks.

The distributed architecture is more complex but can deliver a better range of services that allow VoIP to be treated as just another application. In this there is number of devices like the Analog Telephone adapter, PC phones, IP telephones or even the media server. The Protocols over here are H.323 of the ITU-T and SIP-Sessions Initiation Protocol of IETF.
VOIP Past Architectures
Softswitch architecture voip is Centralized Architecture; since the controller-, the media gateway controller is a computer. This architectural system implemented by the MGCP-Media Gateway control protocol.

The Distributed Architecture of VoIP was implemented using H.323 of the ITU-T standards.



VOIP Future Trends
The future trends in the VoIP segment of converged communication networks is a evolving and sudden change can occur at any moment in time. But the way the present trend is going it looks like MEGACO is replacing MGCP in the Centralized Architecture Segment and SIP is replacing H.323 in the Distributed Architecture segment.

Mixed Architectures is a model that is being touted by many as the solution of the Future. The growing convergence of various media into one communication network is making this transition. Data networks in older times did not need much bandwidth and could use the public switched Telephone network for communication of text based messages. With broadband connection, many looked at faster rate of transmission and soon music and other download services of video was offered.

Higher bandwidth brought real time applications like streaming audio and streaming video. ISDN-Integrated Digital Services Network was seen as the circuit switched networks response to growing internet usage and offering broadband internet services. IP Telephony soon caught the imagination with the many internet-messaging services.

The issues of quality seem to be the only problem in universal acceptance. Advances in coding and decoding as well as compression and decompression techniques have brought about a change in quality and better service. This is now leading the VoIP revolution as the alternative means of communication and the means of communication in the future.

What ever be the trends for any business the architecture basic voip needs to be looked into. Identify your requirements, Develop a model of architecture, Look at models of cost (one time and recurring) and lastly look at the financial benefits of each alternative architectural model. This might help you implement VoIP in the best possible method.

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